La Sección Ítalo-española aborda los aspectos legales de la reputación online y las diferencias existentes entre España e Italia

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El pasado 15 de marzo, la Sección Italo-española del ICAM llevó a cabo desde el Salón de Actos del Colegio una jornada dedicada a abordar los aspectos legales de la reputación online, tratando las semejanzas y diferencias existentes entre Italia y España.

La mesa redonda, moderada por el co-presidente de la Sección, Roberto Spinetti, contó con la intervención de Clara M. Chavarri Sidera, licenciada en Derecho por la universidad Autónoma de Madrid, y Luisa Cardona, doble grado en Derecho italiano y español y abogada del Ilustre Colegio de Abogados de Madrid.

Las ponentes analizaron los derechos fundamentales que orbitan alrededor del derecho a la reputación desde un punto de vista constitucional e internacional, dando un enfoque centrado, principalmente, en la relación que existe entre el derecho al honor, a la intimidad personal, a la dignidad y al decoro, y el derecho a la libertad de expresión y de información, así como los límites que estos encuentran. En concreto, las ponentes mencionaron y compararon los artículos 9 y 18 de la Constitución española y 2, 13 y 21 de la Costituzione italiana, así como el «derecho al olvido» previsto en el artículo 17 del Reglamento UE RGDP y el derecho a la honra y a la reputación recogidos en el artículo 12 de la DUDH.

A continuación, los asistentes analizaron las consecuencias penales en caso de vulnerar la reputación de una persona física o jurídica. En el caso de España, se examinaron los delitos tipificados en el Código Penal, Título X y XI. En el primer caso, son delitos que atentan contra la intimidad, como el descubrimiento y revelación de secretos, mientras que el segundo Título del CP trata los delitos que atentan contra el derecho al honor y propia imagen, como la calumnia y la injuria.  Este aspecto, tal y como se explicó en la jornada, resulta muy interesante ya que, en la legislación italiana, a partir de la despenalización que entró en vigor en el 2016, la injuria ya no configura como delito penal sino como mera infracción civil que genera responsabilidad extracontractual frente al ofensor. Por tanto, en este punto, las ponentes hablaron del art. 595 del Código Penal italiano y del procedimiento penal desde la interposición de la querella de la persona afectada hasta la publicación de la sentencia.

Las ponentes también hicieron una comparativa entre ambos países sobre la reputación online desde un enfoque civilista donde se explicó que, en el caso de Italia, dependiendo del daño ocasionado, será competente para conocer del asunto el Juzgado de Paz o el Tribunal y que dicho país, la persona afectada tiene que enviar a través de su abogado/a una reclamación extrajudicial llamada «negociación asistida», un ADR obligatorio para la interposición de la demanda. Sobre la legislación italiana también se comentaron los pros y los contras tanto para la víctima como para el ofensor de la despenalización de la injuria. Sin embargo, en el caso de España, la vía civil confluye en un único procedimiento ordinario, por ser vulnerado el derecho al honor del artículo 18 Constitución. Además, se analizaron los aspectos fundamentales de la ley Orgánica 1/1982 de 5 de mayo de protección civil del derecho al Honor, a la Intimidad Personal y Familiar y a la Propia Imagen, que desarrolla y regula tal derecho constitucional.

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